Design Principle: Closure

What do you see here?



A triangle? Strange triangle if you ask me. It has no sides! This is not one shape, in fact it is three separate elements. So why do we almost instantly recognize this as a triangle? Because of CLOSURE. Closure can be defined as the tendency to perceive a set of individual elements as a single, recognizable pattern, rather than multiple, individual elements. When you look at the above image, that tendency is so strong that it is only with great effort that you can avoid seeing a triangle. The mind's tremendous power fills in the gaps, almost as if they weren't there. How does this apply to design? As an example, a logo that is composed of familiar shapes and elements can communicate an object or concept effectively and with very few lines. Take a look at this example. As you can see, with very few lines - only three - the designer effectively creates a visual pun by hinting at a familiar shape, the recycling symbol, and simultaneously, cans of paint. Very appropriate for a paint recycling company! Including closure in a design also involves the viewer to a greater degree.

Using closure helps reduce the complexity of a design and also adds interest to it. And it's just plain cool! Here are some more designs that make good use of closure.

Logomotives

Calexico Album Cover

Fedex "hidden arrow"

If you think of other examples please share them!